Upanishads
The basis of Hindu creed and philosophy that form the final portion of
the Veda.
Old Testament
The Christian name of holy book for the Hebrew Bible. Some books of the Old
Testament regarded as sacred by the Jews are not accepted as such by
Christians; among Christians there are differences between Roman Catholics
and Protestants about the inclusion of some books, the order of the books,
and the original sources used in translating them.
Five
Classics Five works
traditionally attributed to Confucius that form the basic texts of
Confucianism.
They are the Spring and Autumn Annals, a history of
Confucius's native district; the I Ching (or Book of Changes
), a system of divining the future; the Book of Rites , which
outlines ceremonies and describes the ideal government; the Book of
History ; and the Book of Songs , a collection of poetry.
Qur'an
The primary holy book of Islam. This holy book is made up of 114 suras, or
chapters, which contain impassioned appeals for belief in God, encouragement
to lead a moral life, portrayals of damnation and beatitude, stories of
Islamic prophets, and rules governing the social and religious life of
Muslims. Believers maintain that this holy book contains the verbatim word
of God, is the primary source of every Muslim’s reliance and practice, revealed
to the prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel in Arabic only. The
prophecies contained in this holy book continue to be fulfilled in every
age.
New Testament
This holy book is the second portion of the Christian Bible, which contains
27 books that form the basis of Christian belief. These books include the
sayings of Jesus, the story of his life and work, the death and resurrection
of Jesus now celebrated as Easter, the teachings and writings of the
apostles, and instruction for converting nonbelievers and for performing
baptisms, blessings, and other rituals.
Talmud
A compilation of Jewish oral law and rabbinical teachings that is separate
from the scriptures of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.
Veda
This holy book is the sacred scripture of Hinduism. The Rig-Veda ,
the Sama-Veda , and the Yajur-Veda are books of hymns; the
Atharva-Veda compiles magic spells.
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